Pennsylvania LLC vs North Carolina LLC (2026)
Written for owners based in Pennsylvania.
Verdict: for most owners, form where the business is based
North Carolina matches Pennsylvania's $125 formation fee and then charges $200 every April 15, more than it cost to form and $193 more each year than Pennsylvania's $7. Paying online by credit card makes it $203. There is no statutory late fee; the penalty is administrative dissolution plus a $100 reinstatement. Entity creation is posted at 15 to 20 business days against 2 to 4 days in Pennsylvania. An LLC that elects corporate treatment picks up a $200 minimum franchise tax on top of the report. Registering in Pennsylvania costs $250.
Based in North Carolina? Read North Carolina LLC vs Pennsylvania LLC →
Compare Pennsylvania LLC vs North Carolina LLC on filing fees, taxes, privacy laws, and annual costs. Find out which state is actually better for your business.
By Edmond Hui · Last updated: September 23, 2026
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| Factor | Pennsylvania | North Carolina |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Fee | $125 | $125 |
| Processing Time | 2 to 4 days | 15 to 20 business days |
| Annual Report Fee | $7 | $200 |
| Annual Report Due | September 30 | April 15 |
| State Income Tax | Yes | Yes |
| Anonymous LLC | No | No |
| Publication Requirement | No | No |
| Foreign LLC Cost (if forming out-of-state) | N/A, you're in your home state | $250 + registered agent ~$150/yr |
Full fee breakdown for either state: Pennsylvania LLC cost and North Carolina LLC cost. Owner privacy options for either state: Pennsylvania anonymous LLC guide and North Carolina anonymous LLC guide.
Business Climate: Pennsylvania vs North Carolina
| Factor | Pennsylvania | North Carolina |
|---|---|---|
| 5-year business survival rate | 57.1% (#1 of 51) | 54.2% (#10 of 51) |
| Business application growth (2026 YTD (Jan to Jul) vs 2025 YTD (same months)) | +6.5% YoY (#12 of 51 by volume) | +14.7% YoY (#6 of 51 by volume) |
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Business Employment Dynamics · U.S. Census Bureau, Business Formation Statistics (BFS)
Compare LLC Costs: Pennsylvania vs North Carolina
Pennsylvania
North Carolina
A figure shown as "from" is the least the state can charge, not a price. Tennessee's report is $300 for up to six members and $50 for each member above six, its franchise tax is the greater of $100 or 0.25% of Tennessee net worth, Wyoming's report is the greater of $60 or $.0002 per dollar of in-state assets, Kentucky's entity tax is $175 up to $3 million of gross receipts and graduated above it, and New York's annual filing fee is graduated on New York source gross income. A total that contains one of those is shown as "from" for the same reason. Costs include every mandatory state charge: the filing fee, the report fee (annualised where a state files biennially), any state entity-level tax shown in its own row above, a one-time publication cost where the state publishes a rate for it, and any one-time registration charge a state requires before the LLC may trade. Two exclusions follow from that wording. Arizona and Nebraska require publication and publish no rate, so no newspaper cost is carried for either and their totals are not the whole cost. Alaska's $50 annual state business licence is a separate charge from the Secretary of State fees and is not carried here either. Annualising makes the 1, 3 and 5 year rows a cost of ownership rather than a payment schedule: a biennial state charges its whole report fee in the years it falls due and nothing in between. Entity-level taxes that only apply after a corporate election, or above an owner or income threshold, are excluded and flagged on the state's own cost page. New York's publication cost is carried at a $250 floor, roughly $200 of newspaper cost in a low-cost county plus the $50 Certificate of Publication fee. No county-clerk-designated New York City newspaper publishes a rate card, so the four-figure NYC estimates in wide circulation cannot be traced to a primary source and are not asserted here; budget for materially more than the floor if you file in a NYC county. Every fee was verified against the state's own fee schedule, statute, or revenue authority on 29 July 2026. Excludes registered agent and legal fees. For informational purposes only, not legal or tax advice.
Filing Fees & Formation Costs
Pennsylvania charges $125 to form an LLC, while North Carolina charges $125. The upfront filing fees are identical. The cost that usually gets overlooked: if you form in North Carolina but operate in Pennsylvania, you must also register as a foreign LLC in Pennsylvania (a $250 filing) and maintain a registered agent in North Carolina (typically around $150 per year). That puts the realistic first-year cost of the North Carolina route at roughly $525, versus $125 for simply forming in Pennsylvania. Both states publish a standard turnaround, Pennsylvania (2 to 4 days) and North Carolina (15 to 20 business days), though a published figure is a norm, not a guarantee.
Taxes: Pennsylvania vs North Carolina
Both Pennsylvania and North Carolina levy a personal income tax on pass-through business income, and your LLC's profits will be taxed where you live and operate. Forming in North Carolina doesn't change what a Pennsylvania-based owner pays. Pennsylvania levies a flat 3.07% personal income tax. Neither state imposes a separate franchise or privilege tax on LLCs beyond standard filing fees.
Privacy & Asset Protection
Neither Pennsylvania nor North Carolina offers anonymous LLC formation: both states require owner or manager information on public filings. North Carolina's annual report and foreign application provide manager/member information, public records. Business owners who prioritize privacy typically form a holding company in a state like Wyoming or New Mexico instead. Both states provide charging-order protection for LLC members, and for most small businesses the practical difference in asset protection between the two is minimal.
Annual Maintenance Costs
Pennsylvania LLCs file an annual report ($7, due September 30), and North Carolina LLCs file an annual report ($200, due April 15). If you form in North Carolina while operating in Pennsylvania, you maintain filings in both states, North Carolina's report plus Pennsylvania's equivalent for your foreign registration, and pay a North Carolina registered agent roughly $150 per year. Counting report fees, the agent and any entity-level tax, that brings the North Carolina route to roughly $357 a year, versus about $7 to keep a domestic Pennsylvania LLC in good standing.
When North Carolina Actually Makes Sense
Forming in North Carolina makes sense in a few specific situations: your business genuinely operates in North Carolina, with a real office, employees, or property there, or you're relocating to North Carolina in the near future. For a typical small business based in Pennsylvania, none of these usually apply. Registering a North Carolina LLC to do business back home means $250 in Pennsylvania foreign-registration fees, on top of North Carolina's $125 formation fee, while Pennsylvania's own annual report runs $7 a year and is due September 30. When in doubt, form where you actually do business.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Sources
Each entry below is a document recorded in our verified sources, and each entry says what the document is. Some statutory text is read from an accurate mirror rather than from the state's own host, and those say so. Where we hold the citation but no stable public link, the citation is printed on its own rather than pointed at a guessed address.
- Pennsylvania law: Act 122 of 2022 (annual report replacing decennial report)
- pa.gov/agencies/dos/programs/businessPennsylvania Department of State, Bureau of Corporations and Charitable Organizations: business entity filings
- pa.gov/agencies/dos/programs/business/fees-and-paymentsPennsylvania LLC filing fees
- sosnc.gov/divisions/business_registrationNorth Carolina Secretary of State: business entity filings
- sosnc.gov/fees/by_title/_Business_Registration_limited_liability_companiesNorth Carolina LLC filing fees
Edmond Hui · Founder, MyStateLLC
Edmond Hui is a software engineer and serial entrepreneur based in New York who has founded multiple online businesses across e-commerce, media, and information publishing. Before transitioning into tech, he spent years as a commercial real estate professional closing deals totaling over 100,000 square feet, giving him firsthand experience with business formation and entity structuring. He built MyStateLLC to provide the free, state-specific LLC guidance he wished existed when forming his own companies.