South Dakota LLC vs Michigan LLC (2026)
Written for owners based in South Dakota.
Verdict: for most owners, form where the business is based
Michigan is cheaper on both counts, $50 to file and $25 for the annual statement each February 15, against $150 and $55 in South Dakota. Two details matter. The filing goes to LARA's Corporations Division rather than the Secretary of State, and an ordinary Michigan LLC faces no late fee at all, though LARA dissolves a company that stops filing after a two-year grace period. Michigan keeps members off the public filing. Against $130 saved, South Dakota's $750 admission fee still decides it.
Based in Michigan? Read Michigan LLC vs South Dakota LLC →
Compare South Dakota LLC vs Michigan LLC on filing fees, taxes, privacy laws, and annual costs. Find out which state is actually better for your business.
By Edmond Hui · Last updated: September 23, 2026
Using a formation service? We compare the 4 formation services that pay us a commission, on three-year service cost, BBB rating and Trustpilot score.
Compare LLC formation services →Or by state: Best LLC services in South Dakota, Best LLC services in Michigan
Ready to file? Our affiliate partner ZenBusiness files your LLC formation paperwork, from $0 + state fee.
Start your LLC with ZenBusiness →Affiliate link. We may earn a commission at no cost to you. MyStateLLC is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice.
| Factor | South Dakota | Michigan |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Fee | $150 | $50 |
| Processing Time | Not published by the state | Not published by the state |
| Annual Report Fee | $55 | $25 |
| Annual Report Due | Anniversary month | February 15 |
| State Income Tax | No | Yes |
| Anonymous LLC | No | Yes |
| Publication Requirement | No | No |
| Foreign LLC Cost (if forming out-of-state) | N/A, you're in your home state | $750 + registered agent ~$150/yr |
Full fee breakdown for either state: South Dakota LLC cost and Michigan LLC cost. Owner privacy options for either state: South Dakota anonymous LLC guide and Michigan anonymous LLC guide.
Business Climate: South Dakota vs Michigan
| Factor | South Dakota | Michigan |
|---|---|---|
| 5-year business survival rate | 52.7% (#19 of 51) | 55% (#4 of 51) |
| Business application growth (2026 YTD (Jan to Jul) vs 2025 YTD (same months)) | +15.4% YoY (#47 of 51 by volume) | +17.3% YoY (#11 of 51 by volume) |
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Business Employment Dynamics · U.S. Census Bureau, Business Formation Statistics (BFS)
Compare LLC Costs: South Dakota vs Michigan
South Dakota
Michigan
A figure shown as "from" is the least the state can charge, not a price. Tennessee's report is $300 for up to six members and $50 for each member above six, its franchise tax is the greater of $100 or 0.25% of Tennessee net worth, Wyoming's report is the greater of $60 or $.0002 per dollar of in-state assets, Kentucky's entity tax is $175 up to $3 million of gross receipts and graduated above it, and New York's annual filing fee is graduated on New York source gross income. A total that contains one of those is shown as "from" for the same reason. Costs include every mandatory state charge: the filing fee, the report fee (annualised where a state files biennially), any state entity-level tax shown in its own row above, a one-time publication cost where the state publishes a rate for it, and any one-time registration charge a state requires before the LLC may trade. Two exclusions follow from that wording. Arizona and Nebraska require publication and publish no rate, so no newspaper cost is carried for either and their totals are not the whole cost. Alaska's $50 annual state business licence is a separate charge from the Secretary of State fees and is not carried here either. Annualising makes the 1, 3 and 5 year rows a cost of ownership rather than a payment schedule: a biennial state charges its whole report fee in the years it falls due and nothing in between. Entity-level taxes that only apply after a corporate election, or above an owner or income threshold, are excluded and flagged on the state's own cost page. New York's publication cost is carried at a $250 floor, roughly $200 of newspaper cost in a low-cost county plus the $50 Certificate of Publication fee. No county-clerk-designated New York City newspaper publishes a rate card, so the four-figure NYC estimates in wide circulation cannot be traced to a primary source and are not asserted here; budget for materially more than the floor if you file in a NYC county. Every fee was verified against the state's own fee schedule, statute, or revenue authority on 29 July 2026. Excludes registered agent and legal fees. For informational purposes only, not legal or tax advice.
Filing Fees & Formation Costs
South Dakota charges $150 to form an LLC, while Michigan charges $50. Michigan is $100 cheaper upfront. The cost that usually gets overlooked: if you form in Michigan but operate in South Dakota, you must also register as a foreign LLC in South Dakota (a $750 filing) and maintain a registered agent in Michigan (typically around $150 per year). That puts the realistic first-year cost of the Michigan route at roughly $950, versus $150 for simply forming in South Dakota. Speed isn't a basis for choosing between them: neither South Dakota nor Michigan publishes a standard processing time, so any figure comparing the two is guesswork.
Taxes: South Dakota vs Michigan
South Dakota has no personal income tax, while Michigan taxes individual income. Since pass-through LLC profits are taxed where you live and operate, a South Dakota-based owner keeps South Dakota's no-income-tax benefit either way. Forming in Michigan adds no tax advantage. Michigan levies a flat 4.25% individual income tax; Treasury confirmed on April 15, 2026 that the rate remains 4.25% for the 2026 tax year because the statutory rate-reduction trigger wasn't met. Neither state imposes a separate franchise or privilege tax on LLCs beyond standard filing fees.
Privacy & Asset Protection
Michigan allows anonymous LLC formation. Member and manager names don't appear on routine public filings. Articles of Organization (Form CSCL/CD-700) require only the company name, purpose, duration, resident agent, and registered office, signed by an organizer who may be a third party, and under Michigan law the annual statement requires only the resident agent's name and registered office address. No member or manager is listed on any routine public filing. One caveat: Michigan law requires the annual statement to name the person signing and the capacity in which they sign, so a member who signs it personally appears on the public record (the law lets an authorized agent sign instead). A professional LLC is no exception (form CSCL/CD-701 names no member or manager either) but its Article V attests that all members and managers are licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render one or more of the services stated, except as Michigan's LLC Act allows; that limits who may own a PLLC, not who is disclosed. South Dakota doesn't offer that same privacy. South Dakota's annual report confirms the LLC's ownership/management each year on the public record. Both states provide charging-order protection for LLC members, and for most small businesses the practical difference in asset protection between the two is minimal. One important caveat: if you register your Michigan LLC as a foreign LLC in South Dakota, that South Dakota registration is itself a public record, which can undercut much of the privacy benefit for a business that operates in South Dakota.
Annual Maintenance Costs
South Dakota LLCs file an annual report ($55, due in the anniversary month), and Michigan LLCs file an annual report ($25, due February 15). If you form in Michigan while operating in South Dakota, you maintain filings in both states, Michigan's report plus South Dakota's equivalent for your foreign registration, and pay a Michigan registered agent roughly $150 per year. Counting report fees, the agent and any entity-level tax, that brings the Michigan route to roughly $230 a year, versus about $55 to keep a domestic South Dakota LLC in good standing.
When Michigan Actually Makes Sense
Forming in Michigan makes sense in a few specific situations: you need anonymous ownership. South Dakota puts owner or manager information on public filings and Michigan doesn't (usually via a holding company, since operating in South Dakota still requires a public foreign registration there), your business genuinely operates in Michigan, with a real office, employees, or property there, or you're relocating to Michigan in the near future and accept taking on Michigan's personal income tax, which South Dakota doesn't levy. For a typical small business based in South Dakota, none of these usually apply. Registering a Michigan LLC to do business back home means $750 in South Dakota foreign-registration fees, on top of Michigan's $50 formation fee, while South Dakota's own annual report runs $55 a year and is due in the anniversary month. When in doubt, form where you actually do business.
Frequently Asked Questions
Ready to form your LLC?
Using a formation service? We compare the 4 formation services that pay us a commission, on three-year service cost, BBB rating and Trustpilot score.
Compare LLC formation services →Or by state: Best LLC services in South Dakota, Best LLC services in Michigan
Our affiliate partner ZenBusiness files your LLC formation paperwork, from $0 + state fee.
Start your LLC with ZenBusiness →Affiliate link. We may earn a commission at no cost to you. MyStateLLC is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice.
More State Comparisons
Embed this comparison, free
Add the South Dakota vs Michigan cost calculator to any page. Works in WordPress, Squarespace, Webflow, and any HTML site.
<iframe src="https://www.mystatellc.com/tools/compare-states?embed=1&stateA=SD&stateB=MI" width="100%" height="720" frameborder="0" style="border:0;max-width:900px;display:block;margin:0 auto;" title="South Dakota vs Michigan LLC Cost Comparison" loading="lazy"></iframe> <p style="text-align:center;font-size:.8125rem;color:#6b7280">Source: <a href="https://www.mystatellc.com/llc/compare/south-dakota-llc-vs-michigan-llc">MyStateLLC, South Dakota vs Michigan LLC Comparison</a></p>
Sources
Each entry below is a document recorded in our verified sources, and each entry says what the document is. Some statutory text is read from an accurate mirror rather than from the state's own host, and those say so. Where we hold the citation but no stable public link, the citation is printed on its own rather than pointed at a guessed address.
- Michigan law: Section 904 of P.A. 23 of 1993 (PLLC ownership exception)
- Michigan statute: MCL 450.4207(3) (annual statement contents)
- Michigan statute: MCL 450.4103(2) (signer named on filings)
- Michigan statute: MCL 450.4103(3) (authorized agent may sign)
- sdsos.gov/business-services/corporations/default.aspxSouth Dakota Secretary of State: business entity filings
- sdsos.gov/general-information/filing-fees.aspxSouth Dakota LLC filing fees
- michigan.gov/lara/bureau-list/cscl/corpsMichigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs, Corporations Division: business entity filings
- michigan.gov/-/media/Project/Websites/lara/cscl/Folder6/Filing_Fees.pdfMichigan LLC filing fees
Edmond Hui · Founder, MyStateLLC
Edmond Hui is a software engineer and serial entrepreneur based in New York who has founded multiple online businesses across e-commerce, media, and information publishing. Before transitioning into tech, he spent years as a commercial real estate professional closing deals totaling over 100,000 square feet, giving him firsthand experience with business formation and entity structuring. He built MyStateLLC to provide the free, state-specific LLC guidance he wished existed when forming his own companies.