Vermont LLC vs Ohio LLC (2026)
Written for owners based in Vermont.
Verdict: for most owners, form where the business is based
Ohio charges $99 once and files no periodic report, so its recurring Secretary of State cost is $0 against Vermont's $45. The Commercial Activity Tax reaches only taxable gross receipts above a $6 million annual exclusion, at 0.26%, which leaves most LLCs owing nothing but forces quarterly returns once you cross it. Vermont's $250 minimum entity tax carries no revenue threshold and is owed in a loss year by an LLC taxed as a partnership. Ohio also permits an anonymous LLC. Bringing one into Vermont costs $155 plus $170 a year.
Based in Ohio? Read Ohio LLC vs Vermont LLC →
Compare Vermont LLC vs Ohio LLC on filing fees, taxes, privacy laws, and annual costs. Find out which state is actually better for your business.
By Edmond Hui · Last updated: September 23, 2026
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| Factor | Vermont | Ohio |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Fee | $155 | $99 |
| Processing Time | Under 1 business day online; 7 to 10 by mail | 3 to 7 business days (paper) |
| Annual Report Fee | $45 | None |
| Annual Report Due | Within 3 months of fiscal year end | None required |
| State Income Tax | Yes | Yes |
| Anonymous LLC | No | Yes |
| Publication Requirement | No | No |
| Foreign LLC Cost (if forming out-of-state) | N/A, you're in your home state | $155 + registered agent ~$150/yr |
Full fee breakdown for either state: Vermont LLC cost and Ohio LLC cost. Owner privacy options for either state: Vermont anonymous LLC guide and Ohio anonymous LLC guide.
Business Climate: Vermont vs Ohio
| Factor | Vermont | Ohio |
|---|---|---|
| 5-year business survival rate | 46.6% (#44 of 51) | 54.4% (#8 of 51) |
| Business application growth (2026 YTD (Jan to Jul) vs 2025 YTD (same months)) | +15.4% YoY (#51 of 51 by volume) | +16.1% YoY (#8 of 51 by volume) |
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Business Employment Dynamics · U.S. Census Bureau, Business Formation Statistics (BFS)
Compare LLC Costs: Vermont vs Ohio
Vermont
Ohio
A figure shown as "from" is the least the state can charge, not a price. Tennessee's report is $300 for up to six members and $50 for each member above six, its franchise tax is the greater of $100 or 0.25% of Tennessee net worth, Wyoming's report is the greater of $60 or $.0002 per dollar of in-state assets, Kentucky's entity tax is $175 up to $3 million of gross receipts and graduated above it, and New York's annual filing fee is graduated on New York source gross income. A total that contains one of those is shown as "from" for the same reason. Costs include every mandatory state charge: the filing fee, the report fee (annualised where a state files biennially), any state entity-level tax shown in its own row above, a one-time publication cost where the state publishes a rate for it, and any one-time registration charge a state requires before the LLC may trade. Two exclusions follow from that wording. Arizona and Nebraska require publication and publish no rate, so no newspaper cost is carried for either and their totals are not the whole cost. Alaska's $50 annual state business licence is a separate charge from the Secretary of State fees and is not carried here either. Annualising makes the 1, 3 and 5 year rows a cost of ownership rather than a payment schedule: a biennial state charges its whole report fee in the years it falls due and nothing in between. Entity-level taxes that only apply after a corporate election, or above an owner or income threshold, are excluded and flagged on the state's own cost page. New York's publication cost is carried at a $250 floor, roughly $200 of newspaper cost in a low-cost county plus the $50 Certificate of Publication fee. No county-clerk-designated New York City newspaper publishes a rate card, so the four-figure NYC estimates in wide circulation cannot be traced to a primary source and are not asserted here; budget for materially more than the floor if you file in a NYC county. Every fee was verified against the state's own fee schedule, statute, or revenue authority on 29 July 2026. Excludes registered agent and legal fees. For informational purposes only, not legal or tax advice.
Filing Fees & Formation Costs
Vermont charges $155 to form an LLC, while Ohio charges $99. Ohio is $56 cheaper upfront. The cost that usually gets overlooked: if you form in Ohio but operate in Vermont, you must also register as a foreign LLC in Vermont (a $155 filing) and maintain a registered agent in Ohio (typically around $150 per year). That puts the realistic first-year cost of the Ohio route at roughly $404, versus $155 for simply forming in Vermont. Both states publish a standard turnaround, Vermont (under 1 business day online; 7 to 10 by mail) and Ohio (3 to 7 business days, paper), though a published figure is a norm, not a guarantee.
Taxes: Vermont vs Ohio
Both Vermont and Ohio levy a personal income tax on pass-through business income, and your LLC's profits will be taxed where you live and operate. Forming in Ohio doesn't change what a Vermont-based owner pays. Ohio levies a personal income tax, but the Business Income Deduction exempts the first $250,000 and taxes business income above it at a flat 3%. Ohio's Commercial Activity Tax (CAT) applies only to taxable gross receipts above $6 million (0.26%); smaller businesses owe no CAT.
Privacy & Asset Protection
Ohio allows anonymous LLC formation. Member and manager names don't appear on routine public filings. Ohio's Articles of Organization require only the organizer and statutory agent (no members/managers), and Ohio LLCs file no annual report. Vermont doesn't offer that same privacy. Vermont's annual report must state only the company name, designated office and registered agent, and the articles and foreign application make owner or principal names optional, but the Secretary of State treats up-to-date principal personnel as part of good standing and its public business record displays the principals on file, so whether an LLC can keep member and manager names off its filings in practice isn't confirmed. Both states provide charging-order protection for LLC members, and for most small businesses the practical difference in asset protection between the two is minimal. One important caveat: if you register your Ohio LLC as a foreign LLC in Vermont, that Vermont registration is itself a public record, which can undercut much of the privacy benefit for a business that operates in Vermont.
Annual Maintenance Costs
Vermont LLCs file an annual report ($45, due within 3 months of fiscal year end), and Ohio LLCs file no annual report at all. If you form in Ohio while operating in Vermont, you maintain filings in both states, Ohio asks for no report, but Vermont still wants its equivalent for your foreign registration, and pay an Ohio registered agent roughly $150 per year. Counting report fees, the agent and any entity-level tax, that brings the Ohio route to roughly $195 a year, versus about $45 to keep a domestic Vermont LLC in good standing. The tax inside those totals: Ohio's Commercial Activity Tax (CAT) applies only to taxable gross receipts above $6 million (0.26%); smaller businesses owe no CAT.
When Ohio Actually Makes Sense
Forming in Ohio makes sense in a few specific situations: you need anonymous ownership. Vermont puts owner or manager information on public filings and Ohio doesn't (usually via a holding company, since operating in Vermont still requires a public foreign registration there), your business genuinely operates in Ohio, with a real office, employees, or property there, or you're relocating to Ohio in the near future. For a typical small business based in Vermont, none of these usually apply. Registering an Ohio LLC to do business back home means $155 in Vermont foreign-registration fees, on top of Ohio's $99 formation fee, while Vermont's own annual report runs $45 a year and is due within 3 months of fiscal year end. When in doubt, form where you actually do business.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Sources
Each entry below is a document recorded in our verified sources, and each entry says what the document is. Some statutory text is read from an accurate mirror rather than from the state's own host, and those say so. Where we hold the citation but no stable public link, the citation is printed on its own rather than pointed at a guessed address.
- Vermont statute: 11 V.S.A. § 4033(a) (annual report contents)
- Vermont statute: § 4023(b)(2), § 4112(b)(2) (optional principal names)
- sos.vermont.gov/business-services/business-filings/domestic-formation/llcVermont Secretary of State: business entity filings
- sos.vermont.gov/business-services/fees-statutesVermont LLC filing fees
- ohiosos.gov/businesses/Ohio Secretary of State: business entity filings
- codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-111.16Ohio LLC filing fees
Edmond Hui · Founder, MyStateLLC
Edmond Hui is a software engineer and serial entrepreneur based in New York who has founded multiple online businesses across e-commerce, media, and information publishing. Before transitioning into tech, he spent years as a commercial real estate professional closing deals totaling over 100,000 square feet, giving him firsthand experience with business formation and entity structuring. He built MyStateLLC to provide the free, state-specific LLC guidance he wished existed when forming his own companies.