Rhode Island LLC vs Montana LLC (2026)
Compare Rhode Island LLC vs Montana LLC on filing fees, taxes, privacy laws, and annual costs. Find out which state is actually better for your business.
By Edmond Hui · Last updated: August 4, 2026
Verdict: Rhode Island wins for most businesses
For most Rhode Island-based businesses, forming locally in Rhode Island is the smarter choice. You avoid paying fees in two states and managing compliance in both. Montana only makes sense if your business genuinely operates there, and even then the total costs deserve a hard look.
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| Factor | Rhode Island | Montana |
|---|---|---|
| Filing Fee | $150 | $35 |
| Processing Time | Within 2 business days | Not published by the state |
| Annual Report Fee | $50 | $20 |
| Annual Report Due | May 1 (window opens Feb 1) | April 15 |
| State Income Tax | Yes | Yes |
| Anonymous LLC | No | No |
| Publication Requirement | No | No |
| Foreign LLC Cost (if forming out-of-state) | N/A, you're in your home state | $150 + registered agent ~$150/yr |
Full fee breakdown for either state: Rhode Island LLC cost and Montana LLC cost.
Business Climate: Rhode Island vs Montana
| Factor | Rhode Island | Montana |
|---|---|---|
| 5-year business survival rate | 48.1% (#38 of 51) | 53% (#16 of 51) |
| Business application growth (2026 YTD (Jan to Jul) vs 2025 YTD (same months)) | +10.9% YoY (#49 of 51 by volume) | +13.4% YoY (#40 of 51 by volume) |
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Business Employment Dynamics · U.S. Census Bureau, Business Formation Statistics (BFS)
Compare LLC Costs: Rhode Island vs Montana
Rhode Island
Montana
Costs include every mandatory state charge: the filing fee, the report fee (annualised where a state files biennially), any state entity-level tax shown in its own row above, a one-time publication cost where a state requires publication, and any one-time registration charge a state requires before the LLC may trade. Annualising makes the 1, 3 and 5 year rows a cost of ownership rather than a payment schedule: a biennial state charges its whole report fee in the years it falls due and nothing in between. Entity-level taxes that only apply after a corporate election, or above an owner or income threshold, are excluded and flagged on the state's own cost page. New York's publication cost is carried at a $250 floor, roughly $200 of newspaper cost in a low-cost county plus the $50 Certificate of Publication fee. No county-clerk-designated New York City newspaper publishes a rate card, so the four-figure NYC estimates in wide circulation cannot be traced to a primary source and are not asserted here; budget for materially more than the floor if you file in a NYC county. Montana's annual report is free when filed by April 15 and $35 after, a waiver the Secretary of State applies at its discretion. Every fee was verified against the state's own fee schedule, statute, or revenue authority on 29 July 2026. Excludes registered agent and legal fees. For informational purposes only, not legal or tax advice.
Filing Fees & Formation Costs
Rhode Island charges $150 to form an LLC, while Montana charges $35. Montana is $115 cheaper upfront. The cost that usually gets overlooked: if you form in Montana but operate in Rhode Island, you must also register as a foreign LLC in Rhode Island (a $150 filing) and maintain a registered agent in Montana (typically around $150 per year). That puts the realistic first-year cost of the Montana route at roughly $335, versus $150 for simply forming in Rhode Island. Only one side of this comparison is knowable: Rhode Island publishes within 2 business days, while Montana publishes no standard processing time, so the two can't be ranked against each other on speed.
Taxes: Rhode Island vs Montana
Both Rhode Island and Montana levy a personal income tax on pass-through business income, and your LLC's profits will be taxed where you live and operate. Forming in Montana doesn't change what a Rhode Island-based owner pays. Montana levies a two-bracket individual income tax; per HB 337 (2025) the top rate drops from 5.9% to 5.65% effective January 1, 2026, with the 4.7% lower rate applying up to $47,500 single/$95,000 joint (Montana Department of Revenue). No franchise or privilege tax on LLCs; the Secretary of State currently waives the annual report fee for reports filed by April 15 ($35 if filed late).
Privacy & Asset Protection
Neither Rhode Island nor Montana offers anonymous LLC formation: both states require owner or manager information on public filings. MCA 35-8-208 requires the LLC's annual report to state the names and business mailing addresses of the managers (if manager-managed) or of the members (if member-managed), and these reports are public. Business owners who prioritize privacy typically form a holding company in a state like Wyoming or New Mexico instead. Both states provide charging-order protection for LLC members, and for most small businesses the practical difference in asset protection between the two is minimal.
Annual Maintenance Costs
Rhode Island LLCs file an annual report ($50, due May 1 (window opens Feb 1)), and Montana LLCs file an annual report ($20, due April 15). If you form in Montana while operating in Rhode Island, you maintain filings in both states, Montana's report plus Rhode Island's equivalent for your foreign registration, and pay a Montana registered agent roughly $150 per year. That brings ongoing costs of the Montana route to roughly $220 per year, versus about $50 to keep a domestic Rhode Island LLC in good standing. One more recurring cost to budget for: No franchise or privilege tax on LLCs; the Secretary of State currently waives the annual report fee for reports filed by April 15 ($35 if filed late).
When Montana Actually Makes Sense
Forming in Montana makes sense in a few specific situations: your business genuinely operates in Montana, with a real office, employees, or property there, or you're relocating to Montana in the near future. For a typical small business based in Rhode Island, none of these usually apply. Registering a Montana LLC to do business back home means $150 in Rhode Island foreign-registration fees, on top of Montana's $35 formation fee, while Rhode Island's own annual report runs $50 a year and is due May 1 (window opens Feb 1). When in doubt, form where you actually do business.
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